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🌉 Bridge Attack Scenario

Learn from billion-dollar bridge hacks

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🎯 Common Attack Vectors

Understanding how bridges get hacked is crucial for security. Explore the four primary attack vectors that have caused billions in losses.

🎮 Attack Vector Explorer

Select an attack vector to understand how it works, see real examples, and learn mitigation strategies.

🔑

Validator Compromise

Critical

Attackers compromise validator private keys through phishing, malware, or social engineering

Real Example
Ronin Bridge ($625M)
Severity Level
Critical Risk
Attack Steps:
  1. 1.Identify validator set
  2. 2.Phish validator operators
  3. 3.Gain key access
  4. 4.Sign malicious transactions
Mitigation Strategies:
✓Use hardware wallets
✓Multi-party computation
✓Increase validator count
✓Geographic distribution

🔒 Validator Security Calculator

Adjust the validator count to see how it affects the bridge's security. Understand why larger validator sets are more secure against compromise attacks.

3 validators (Risky)20 validators (Secure)
Keys to Compromise
4

67% threshold (2/3 majority)

Risk Level
Critical

Based on validator count

Attack Difficulty
Easy

For targeted attacks

⚠️ Security Analysis

This bridge is extremely vulnerable. An attacker only needs to compromise 4 keys to drain all funds.

🔍 Attack Surface Analysis

1️⃣

Centralization Points

Small validator sets, admin keys, and centralized relayers create single points of failure that attackers can target.

2️⃣

Code Complexity

Cross-chain communication requires complex smart contracts with extensive verification logic, increasing bug probability.

3️⃣

Economic Incentives

Billions in locked value create massive incentives for attackers to find and exploit even minor vulnerabilities.

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