✅ Master Rollup Trade-offs

Understand optimistic vs ZK security models, speeds, and use cases

Compare the two dominant rollup approaches

🎓 Key Takeaways

Let's review the essential concepts about optimistic and ZK rollups - two powerful approaches to Ethereum scaling.

🔮 Optimistic Rollups

  • Trust Model: Assume valid, verify if challenged
  • Security: Fraud proofs during 7-day challenge period
  • Withdrawals: 7 days to finalize (challenge period)
  • EVM: Full equivalence, easy migration
  • Examples: Arbitrum, Optimism, Base

🔐 ZK Rollups

  • Trust Model: Cryptographically prove validity upfront
  • Security: Validity proofs guarantee correctness
  • Withdrawals: Instant finality (minutes, not days)
  • EVM: Challenging, but improving rapidly
  • Examples: zkSync, StarkNet, Polygon zkEVM

✅ Trade-offs Summary

  • Speed: Optimistic executes faster, ZK finalizes faster
  • Costs: Optimistic cheaper to operate, ZK has high proving costs
  • Security: ZK offers mathematical guarantees vs game theory
  • Complexity: Optimistic simpler, ZK requires advanced crypto
  • Both achieve 10-100x scaling vs Ethereum mainnet

🎯 Use Case Guidance

  • DeFi: Optimistic (EVM compatibility, lower costs)
  • Payments: ZK (instant finality critical)
  • Gaming: Optimistic (7-day delay acceptable)
  • CEX Off-ramps: ZK (fast withdrawals essential)
  • Future: ZK likely to dominate as tech matures

📝 Knowledge Check Quiz

Test your understanding of rollup differences. You need 3/5 correct to pass.

1. What is the main security difference between rollup types?

2. How long is the typical withdrawal period for optimistic rollups?

3. Which rollup type typically has better EVM compatibility?

4. What is the main advantage of ZK rollups over optimistic rollups?

5. Which projects are examples of optimistic rollups?