Home/Blockchain/Plasma Chains/Plasma Architecture

🏛️ Plasma Architecture: Child Chains

Understand hierarchical chains and merkle root commitments

Explore Ethereum's first Layer 2 scaling solution

🏗️ Plasma Architecture Deep Dive

Plasma architecture consists of three interconnected layers working together to provide scalability while maintaining security through Ethereum.

🎮 Interactive Architecture Explorer

Select a layer to explore its role, components, and how it interacts with other layers.

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Root Chain (Ethereum)

Security anchor - stores commitments and manages exits

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Child Chain

High-throughput execution - processes transactions off-chain

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Users

Fast, cheap transactions with ability to exit if needed

💰 Deposit Flow Simulator

Simulate depositing ETH into a Plasma chain. See how your funds become available for fast, cheap transactions.

100 ETH
Child Chain Balance
100 ETH

After deposit confirmation

Plasma Deposit Fee
$0.5

One-time Ethereum gas

Estimated Txs
10,000

@$0.01 each

💡 Calculation: Your 100 ETH deposit can power 10,000 Plasma transactions at just $0.01 each. On Ethereum mainnet, you'd get ~20 transactions at $5 each!

🔄 Block Commitment Process

1

Transaction Collection

Operator collects ~1,000 transactions from users. Validates signatures and balances.

2

Block Creation

Transactions are organized into a Merkle tree. Root hash represents entire block state.

3

Ethereum Commitment

Merkle root is submitted to Plasma contract on Ethereum. Gas cost: ~50,000 gas ($2-10).

4

Finalization

After commitment, block is considered secured by Ethereum. Users can now safely build on this state.

Efficiency: Committing 1,000 transactions in a single Merkle root costs ~$5 in gas. That's $0.005 per transaction for Ethereum-level security!

🔑 Key Architectural Properties

Independent Execution

Child chain runs its own consensus and processes transactions without waiting for Ethereum. Enables 1,000+ TPS.

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Periodic Anchoring

Commitments to Ethereum every ~15 seconds create checkpoints. Anchors child chain security to Ethereum's immutability.

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Fraud Proof System

Anyone can challenge invalid blocks by submitting fraud proofs to Ethereum. Operators are penalized for misbehavior.

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Exit to Safety

Users can always exit to Ethereum with Merkle proofs. Provides ultimate security - even if operator disappears.