📦 Rollups: Scale Ethereum 100x
Learn how Layer 2 rollups bundle transactions for massive scalability
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0 / 5 completed🚀 What are Rollups?
Rollups are Layer 2 scaling solutions that execute transactions off the main blockchain (Layer 1), then bundle hundreds of transactions into a single submission back to L1. This dramatically reduces costs while inheriting Ethereum's security.
⚠️ The Scaling Problem
Ethereum can only process ~15 transactions per second. During high demand, gas prices spike to $50-200+ per transaction. This makes DeFi, NFTs, and gaming prohibitively expensive for average users.
💡 The Rollup Solution
Bundle Transactions
Execute 100s of transactions off-chain, then submit one compressed batch to Ethereum. Shared gas costs across all users.
Inherit Security
Transaction data is posted to Ethereum, so rollups inherit L1's security. Anyone can verify the state transitions.
Massive Cost Reduction
Fees drop from $50 to $0.10-0.50 per transaction. Makes DeFi accessible to everyone, not just whales.
Faster Finality
Transactions confirm in 1-2 seconds on L2, then get finalized on L1. Much better UX than waiting for L1 blocks.
⚖️ Interactive Comparison
Compare Ethereum mainnet (L1) with rollup performance. Toggle between chains to see the dramatic differences.
🔑 How Rollups Work (Simple Version)
Execute Off-Chain
Users submit transactions to the rollup sequencer. Transactions are executed off-chain in a separate environment.
Bundle Hundreds Together
The sequencer batches 100-1000s of transactions into a single "rollup block" using data compression.
Post to Ethereum
Compressed transaction data is submitted to Ethereum mainnet. One L1 transaction represents hundreds of user transactions.
Verify & Finalize
Ethereum verifies the rollup state (via fraud proofs or validity proofs). Once finalized, withdrawals to L1 are enabled.