🔖 Off-Chain Voting: IPFS + Signatures

Understand how votes are recorded without blockchain transactions

Vote without gas fees using off-chain signatures

💰 Gas-Free Voting via Signatures

Snapshot votes happen off-chain—you sign a message with your wallet, no transaction submitted. Your signature proves you controlled X tokens at snapshot block. Zero gas costs. Snapshot.org aggregates signatures and displays results. For critical decisions, results can be executed on-chain via a separate transaction (paid by DAO treasury, not voters).

🎮 Interactive: Cost Comparison Calculator

Compare gas costs and participation rates between on-chain voting (traditional) and off-chain snapshot voting. Adjust gas price and voter count to see real-world impact.

50 Gwei
🟡 Medium gas (normal activity)
1,000
Medium DAO
⛓️ On-Chain Voting
Cost Per Vote
$0.01
Total Community Cost
$8
Participation Rate
100%
Higher cost = lower participation
📸 Off-Chain Snapshot
Cost Per Vote
$0.00
Total Community Cost
$0
Participation Rate
100%
Free voting = maximum participation
💰 Savings with Snapshot

Using snapshot voting saves $8 per proposal for the community. Over 100 proposals/year, that's 0.0M+ saved!

🔐 How Off-Chain Voting Works

1️⃣Proposal Created (On-Chain or Off-Chain)

DAO creates proposal with snapshot block (e.g., current block - 7,200 = 1 day ago). Voting period starts (typically 3-7 days).

2️⃣Voters Sign Messages (Off-Chain)

You connect wallet to Snapshot.org, sign message with your choice (Yes/No/Abstain). No transaction, no gas cost. Signature proves you control wallet that held X tokens at snapshot block.

3️⃣Snapshot Aggregates Votes (Off-Chain)

Snapshot.org collects all signatures, verifies each signature matches a wallet with tokens at snapshot block, calculates results. Everything happens in their database—not on blockchain.

4️⃣Results Displayed (Anyone Can Verify)

Results shown on Snapshot.org. Anyone can verify by checking: (1) each signature is valid, (2) each wallet had claimed token balance at snapshot block. All data public.

5️⃣Execution (On-Chain, if needed)

For binding votes, DAO multisig or governance contract executes result on-chain. DAO pays gas, not voters. For sentiment polls, results stay off-chain.

Advantages

Free: Zero gas costs for voters
Fast: Sign in 2 seconds, no waiting for tx
Accessible: Small holders can afford to vote
High Participation: 10-30% vs 1-5% on-chain
Flexible: Multiple voting systems, weighted votes, quadratic

⚠️ Trade-offs

Not Binding: Results don't automatically execute on-chain
Trust Snapshot.org: Centralized platform aggregates votes
Verification Needed: Must manually check signatures if skeptical
Execution Cost: Someone pays gas for on-chain execution (typically DAO)
Signature Risk: Wallet compromises affect past votes too

💡 Key Insight

Off-chain voting separates voting (free, gasless signatures) from execution (on-chain, costs gas). This is the key innovation. Voters sign intent, DAO executes if passed. Like signing a petition—your signature is free, but implementing the change costs money (paid by someone else). Result: 10-30x higher participation because small holders aren't priced out by $50 gas fees. Governance becomes accessible, not just for whales.

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