Understanding Emission Scopes

The GHG Protocol framework categorizes emissions into three scopes to help organizations measure and manage their carbon footprint

The GHG Protocol: A Global Standard

The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol provides the world's most widely used framework for measuring and managing greenhouse gas emissions. It categorizes emissions into three scopes to help organizations understand their full carbon footprint and develop comprehensive reduction strategies.

This standardized approach ensures consistency in emissions reporting and allows for meaningful comparisons between organizations. Understanding scopes is essential for developing effective net zero strategies, as each scope requires different approaches to measurement and reduction.

Why Scopes Matter

Different scopes have different levels of control and reduction potential. Scope 1 emissions are directly controllable, while Scope 3 emissions often represent the largest opportunity but require collaboration across value chains.

Interactive Emission Scopes Explorer

1

Direct Emissions

Scope 1

Emissions from sources owned or controlled by the company

2

Indirect Energy

Scope 2

Emissions from purchased electricity, heat, and steam

3

Value Chain

Scope 3

All other indirect emissions in the value chain

Emission Scopes by Industry

Automotive Manufacturer
Scope 1: 15%
Scope 2: 25%
Scope 3: 60%
Technology Company
Scope 1: 5%
Scope 2: 45%
Scope 3: 50%
Retail Chain
Scope 1: 10%
Scope 2: 20%
Scope 3: 70%

Key Insight

Scope 3 emissions often represent the largest portion of a company's carbon footprint, but they're also the most challenging to measure and reduce. Effective net zero strategies require addressing all three scopes.

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