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📊 Quantum Principal Component Analysis

Exponential speedup for dimensionality reduction

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Quantum Generative Models

🌟 Quantum Dimensionality Reduction

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identifies the most important directions in high-dimensional data—reducing 10,000 features to 10 while preserving 95% of variance. Quantum PCA (qPCA) achieves exponential speedup via quantum phase estimation and matrix exponentiation, solving covariance eigenvalue problems in polylogarithmic time.

💡 Why Quantum PCA?

Classical PCA requires O(nd²) time for n samples and d dimensions—expensive for genomics (millions × thousands), images (pixels × channels), or financial data. Quantum PCA runs in O(log(nd) × k/ε²) where k = principal components, ε = precision—exponential advantage for large datasets.

Classical PCA (1M × 1K):
~10¹² operations
Quantum PCA (1M × 1K):
~10⁴ operations

🎯 What You'll Master

⚛️
Quantum Phase Estimation
Extract eigenvalues from matrices
🔢
Matrix Exponentiation
e^(iAt) via quantum simulation
📊
Density Matrix Encoding
Prepare quantum covariance
🚀
Real Applications
Genomics, finance, images

📈 Classical vs Quantum PCA

Classical SVDO(nd²)

Compute covariance X^T X → eigendecomposition → sort eigenvalues

Quantum PCAO(log(nd) × k/ε²)

Encode density matrix → phase estimation → extract top k eigenvalues

🔬 Key Insight: Quantum Spectral Analysis

Quantum phase estimation extracts eigenvalues λᵢ from e^(iλᵢt) phases. For density matrix ρ = X^T X / n, qPCA finds principal components via quantum eigenvalue sampling—no need to compute full covariance matrix classically. Exponential speedup when k ≪ d.